Oriented toward those who will use finite elements (FE) rather than toward theoreticians and computer programmers. Emphasizes the behavior of FE and how to use the FE method successfully. Includes several examples of FE analysiseach one features a critique of the accuracy of the solutions. Contains end-of-chapter exercises and extensive advice about FE modeling.

The aim of this publication is to illustrate through worked examples how Eurocode 2 may be used in practice to design in-situ building structures.

The key points of Part 1 of Eurocode 8 which are relevant to concrete buildings are overviewed. The paper covers the performance requirements and the provisions for the seismic action in EC8, the rules for buildings and the special rules for design and detailing of concrete buildings (including precast construction).

Sustainable structural engineering strategies for tall buildings are presented with an emphasis on stiffness-based material-saving design methodologies. The design methodologies are applied to the systems with diagonals such as braced tubes and more recently developed diagrid structures. Guidelines for determination of bending and shear deformations for optimal design, which uses the least amount of structural material to meet the stiffness requirements, are presented. The impact of different geometric confi gurations of the structural members on the material-saving economic design is also discussed, and recommendations for optimal geometries are made. The design strategies discussed here will contribute to constructing built environments using the minimum amount of resources.

 

This new book deals with earthquake engineering including seismology, tsunamis, ground motion characteristics, soil and foundation dynamics, wave propagation, probabilistic and deterministic methods of dynamic analysis, experimental behaviour of structures, and methods for earthquake resistant design and retrofit of structures that are germane to practicing engineers. It includes seismic code requirements and system identification, as well as supplemental energy dissipation, base isolation, and structural control emphasizing earthquake engineering.

The design method of Eurocode 4 is based on plastic section analysis principles for Class 1 and 2 sections. The scope of this publication is restricted to simply supported beams. Checks are made on both the ultimate limit state and the serviceability behaviour of the composite beams. Design is often controlled by the deflection limits or by the minimum degree of shear connection permitted in Eurocode 4. A worked example is also included to illustrate the design of a typical composite beam to Eurocode 4.

EC8 comprises six parts relating to different parts of structures: General Rules | Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings | Bridges, Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings | Silos, Tanks and Pipelines | Foundations, Retaining Structures and Geotechnical Aspects |Towers, Masts and Chimneys.

SSEDTA (Structural Steelwork Eurocodes Development of A Trans-national Approach) teaching material for Eurocode 4.

 

This brief report will attempt to summarise the principal design procedures, compare them with their BS 8110 counterparts, and demonstrate that the transition to EC2 need not to be a difficult process.

Mitigating the effects of earthquakes is crucial to bridge design. With chapters culled from the best-selling Bridge Engineering Handbook, this volume sets forth the principles and applications of seismic design, from the necessary geotechnical and dynamic analysis background to seismic isolation and energy dissipation, active control, and retrofit technology. In-depth discussions contributed by bridge and earthquake engineers from around the world cover the types and effects of earthquake damage and structural performance criteria. The book also includes an overview of seismic design practices in Japan, including a study of the damage to highway bridges caused by the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake and the changes in retrofit practices precipitated by that earthquake.

The document refers to Modal Pushover Analysis, as presented at the International Workshop on Performance-Based Seismic Design.

Evaluated is the accuracy of the modal pushover analysis in estimating the seismic demands for six SAC buildings. These results are compared with those obtained by nonlinear response history analysis and three force distributions in FEMA-273.

This article presents the steps used in performing a pushover analysis of asimple three-dimensional building. SAP2000, a state-of-the-art, generalpurpose, three-dimensional structural analysis program, is used as a tool for performing the pushover. The SAP2000 static pushover analysiscapabilities, which are fully integrated into the program, allow quick and easy implementation of the pushover procedures prescribed in the ATC-40 and FEMA-273 documents for both two and three-dimensional buildings.

Examines structural aspects of high rise buildings, particularly fundamental approaches to the analysis of the behavior of different forms of building structures including frame, shear wall, tubular, core and outrigger-braced systems. Introductory chapters discuss the forces to which the structure is subjected, design criteria which are of the greatest relevance to tall buildings, and various structural forms which have developed over the years since the first skyscrapers were built at the turn of the century. A major chapter is devoted to the modeling of real structures for both preliminary and final analyses. Considerable attention is devoted to the assessment of the stability of the structure, and the significance of creep and shrinkage is discussed. A final chapter is devoted to the dynamic response of structures subjected to wind and earthquake forces. Includes both accurate computer-based and approximate methods of analysis.

Developed herein is an improved pushover analysis procedure based on structural dynamics theory, which retains the conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness of current procedures with invariant force distribution. In this modal pushover analysis (MPA), the seismic demand due to individual terms in the modal expansion of the effective earthquake forces is determined by a pushover analysis using the inertia force distribution for each mode. Combining these ‘modal’ demands due to the first two or three terms of the expansion provides an estimate of the total seismic demand on inelastic systems. When applied to elastic systems, the MPA procedure is shown to be equivalent to standard response spectrum analysis (RSA). When the peak inelastic response of a 9-storey steel building determined by the approximate MPA procedure is compared with rigorous non-linear response history analysis, it is demonstrated that MPA estimates the response of buildings responding well into the inelastic range to a similar degree of accuracy as RSA in estimating peak response of elastic systems. Thus, the MPA procedure is accurate enough for practical application in building evaluation and design.

This successful text considers nonlinear geometrical behavior and nonlinear hyperelastic materials, and the numerics needed to model such phenomena. By presenting both nonlinear continuum analysis and associated finite element techniques, it provides a complete, clear, and unified treatment of these important subjects.

 

Structural engineering “best practices” incorporates strategies that embrace the tenets of sustainable design. Sustainable design is not a novelty; it is a mainstream approach that reflects good design. Federal, state, and local governmental agencies, public and private buildingowners, and the general public have established and expect their buildings to incorporate sustainable design practices. Responding to the public’s needs makes good business sense. The intent of this presentation is to inform the structural engineer of the significance of sustainable design and increase awareness of considerations associated with it. Each of the following issues is presented in cursory form as is appropriate for this type of survey presentation: the global perspective, impacts and responses, materials, resource conservation in design and construction, structural systems and performance based engineering, and collaboration opportunities with other design professions.

This thesis is concerned with a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the static and dynamic response of an axially compressed sandwich structure. For the static response problem of sandwich structures, a two-dimensional mechanical model is developed to predict the global and local buckling of a sandwich beam, using classical elasticity. The face sheet and the core are assumed as linear elastic orthotropic continua in a state of planar deformation. General buckling deformation modes (periodic and non-periodic) of the sandwich beam are considered. On the basis of the model developed here, validation and accuracy of several previous theories are discussed for different geometric and material properties of a sandwich beam. The appropriate incremental stress and conjugate incremental finite strain measure for the instability problem of the sandwich beam, and the corresponding constitutive model are addressed. The formulation used in the commercial finite element package is discussed in relation to the formulation adopted in the theoretical derivation. The Dynamic response problem of a sandwich structure subjected to axial impact by a falling mass is also investigated. The dynamic counterpart of the celebrated Euler buckling problem is formulated first and solved by considering the case of a slender column that is impacted by a falling mass. A new notion, that of the time to buckle is introduced, which is the corresponding critical quantity analogous to the critical load in static Euler buckling. The dynamic bifurcation buckling analysis is extended to thick sandwich structures using an elastic foundation model. A comprehensive set of impact test results of sandwich columns with various configurations are presented. Failure mechanisms and the temporal history of how a sandwich column responds to axial impact are discussed through the experimental results. The experimental results are compared against analytical dynamic buckling studies and finite element based simulation of the impact event.

The Structural Engineer's Pocket Book is a unique compilation of all the tables, data, facts, formulae and rules of thumb needed for scheme design by structural engineers in the office, in transit or on site.